Yangzhou massacre

Yangzhou massacre
Yangzhou massacre
Traditional Chinese 揚州十日
Simplified Chinese 扬州十日
Literal meaning Ten Days of Yangzhou
An artist conception of the massacre from the late Qing Dynasty

The Yangzhou massacre took place in 1645 in Yangzhou, China, during the Qing Dynasty. Mass killings of residents in Yangzhou were conducted by Qing troops under the command of Prince Dodo after they conquered the city from forces loyal to the Southern Ming regime of the Hongguang Emperor.

The massacre lasted ten days after the city fell on May 20, 1645. Traditionally, the number of victims was reported as close to 800,000, although some modern scholars consider it an exaggeration.[1] The defending commander, Shi Kefa, was also executed by Qing forces after he refused to submit to their authority.

The alleged reasons for the massacre were:

  • To punish the residents because of resistance efforts led by the Ming official Shi Kefa.
  • To warn the rest of the population in Jiangnan of the consequences of resisting the invaders.

The book An Account of Ten days at Yangzhou by Wang Xiuchu, (English translation and annotation by Lynn A. Struve[2]) was a first-person eyewitness account of the massacre. Following are excerpts from Wang Xiuchu's report (in Struve's translation):

Several dozen people were herded like sheep or goats. Any who lagged were flogged or killed outright. The women were bound together at the necks with a heavy rope - strung one to another like pearls. Stumbling with each step, they were covered with mud. Babies lay everywhere on the ground. The organs of those trampled like turf under horses' hooves or people's feet were smeared in the dirt, and the crying of those still alive filled the whole outdoors. Every gutter or pond we passed was stacked with corpses, pillowing each others arms and legs. Their blood had flowed into the water, and the combination of green and red was producing a spectrum of colors. The canals, too, had been filled to level with dead bodies.
Then fires started everywhere, and the thatched houses...caught fire and were soon engulfed in flames...Those who had hidden themselves beneath the houses were forced to rush out from the heat of the fire, and as soon as they came out, in nine cases out of ten, they were put to death on the spot. On the other hand, those who had stayed in the houses - were burned to death within the closely shuttered doors and no one could tell how many had died from the pile of charred bones that remained afterwards.

There were many other massacres.[3][4] Books written about the massacres in Yangzhou, Jiading and Jiangyin were republished by the revolutionists to win support.[5][6]

See also

  • Anti-Qing sentiment

Reference

  1. ^ Struve (1993) (note at p. 269), following a 1964 article by Zhang Defang, notes that the entire city's population at the time was not likely to be more than 300,000, and that of the entire Yangzhou Prefecture, 800,000.
  2. ^ Struve (1993, pages 28-48
  3. ^ 滿清屠殺暴行資料匯總之一
  4. ^ 与阎崇年先生论辩:. 怎样看待满清皇朝康乾盛世
  5. ^ 朱子素, 嘉定屠城紀略
  6. ^ 韓菼, 江陰城守紀

Literature

  • Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm: China in Tigers' Jaws, Struve, Lynn A. Publisher:Yale University Press, 1998, ISBN 0300075537, 9780300075533. 312 pages


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Yangzhou — (zh stp|s=linktext|扬|州|t=linktext|揚|州|p=Yángzhōu; former spellings: Yang chou, Yangchow; literally Rising Prefecture ) is a prefecture level city in central Jiangsu province, People s Republic of China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yangtze …   Wikipedia

  • Yangzhou riot — The Yangzhou riot of August 22 23, 1868 was a brief crisis in Anglo Chinese relations during the late Qing Dynasty. The crisis was fomented by the gentry of Yangzhou who opposed the presence of foreign Christian missionaries in the city, who… …   Wikipedia

  • Tianjin Massacre — The Tianjin Religious Case (Chinese: 天津教案; Pinyin: Tiānjīn Jiào àn), more commonly known as the Tientsin Massacre in Western sources, occurred in Tientsin (now commonly known as Tianjin ) in 1870. It is considered to be one of the most important… …   Wikipedia

  • Qing Dynasty — Not to be confused with the Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China. Qing redirects here. For other uses, see Qing (disambiguation). Great Qing 大清帝国, Dà Qīng Dìguó …   Wikipedia

  • Dodo, Prince Yu — Dodo Uncle Who Assists in Governance Prince Yu of the First Rank Portrait of Dodo from the Palace Museum Archives Spouse Lady Borjigit Lady Borjigit, concubine Lady Nara, concubine Lady Tunggiya, concubine Lady …   Wikipedia

  • china — /chuy neuh/, n. 1. a translucent ceramic material, biscuit fired at a high temperature, its glaze fired at a low temperature. 2. any porcelain ware. 3. plates, cups, saucers, etc., collectively. 4. figurines made of porcelain or ceramic material …   Universalium

  • China — /chuy neuh/, n. 1. People s Republic of, a country in E Asia. 1,221,591,778; 3,691,502 sq. mi. (9,560,990 sq. km). Cap.: Beijing. 2. Republic of. Also called Nationalist China. a republic consisting mainly of the island of Taiwan off the SE coast …   Universalium

  • Nanjing — This article is about the city in Jiangsu province. For other uses, see Nanjing (disambiguation). Nanjing 南京   Sub provincial city   南京市 …   Wikipedia

  • Jiangsu — Coordinates: 32°54′N 119°48′E / 32.9°N 119.8°E / 32.9; 119.8 …   Wikipedia

  • Maria Jane Taylor — Maria Jane Dyer Maria Jane (Dyer) Taylor Born January 16, 1837 British Straits Settlement of Malacca, Malaysia Died July 23, 1870 Zhenjian …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”