Neoclassical realism

Neoclassical realism

Neoclassical realism is a theory of international relations. It is a combination of classical realist and neorealist (particularly defensive realist) theories.

Neoclassical realism holds that the actions of a state in the international system can be explained by systemic variables (such as the distribution of power capabilities among states) as well as cognitive variables (such as the perception and misperception of systemic pressures, other states' intentions, and/or threats) and domestic variables (such as state institutions, elites, and societal actors within society) affecting the power and freedom of action of the decision-makers in foreign policy. While holding true to the neorealist concept of balance of power, neoclassical realism further adds that states' mistrust and inability to perceive one another accurately, or state leaders' inability to mobilize state power and public support can result in an underexpansion or underbalancing behaviour leading to imbalances within the international system, the rise and fall of great powers, and war:

  • Appropriate balancing occurs when a state correctly perceives another state's intentions and balances accordingly.
  • Inappropriate balancing or overbalancing occurs when a state incorrectly perceives another state as threatening, and uses too many resources than it needs to in order to balance. This causes an imbalance.
  • Underbalancing occurs when a state fails to balance, out of either inefficiency or incorrectly perceiving a state as less of threat than it actually is. This causes an imbalance.
  • Nonbalancing occurs when a state avoids balancing through buck passing, bandwagoning, or other escapes. A state may choose to do this for a number of reasons, including an inability to balance.[1]

People

Persons mentioned as neoclassical realists, and the year of the release of the work associated with this classification[2] :

References

  1. ^ THOMAS CHRISTENSEN, "Useful Adversaries: Grand Strategy, Domestic Mobilization, and Sino-American Conflict, 1947-1958" (Princeton: University Press, 1996); RANDALL SCHWELLER, "Unanswered Threats: A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalancing," International Security, 29(2), (Fall 2004), pp.159-201; RANDALL SCHWELLER, "Unanswered Threats: Political Constraints on the Balance of Power (Princeton: University Press, 2006); WILLIAM WOHLFORTH, "The Elusive Balance: Power and Perceptions during the Cold War" (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993); FAREED ZAKARIA, "From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America's World Role (Princeton: University Press, 1998). FOR AN EXCELLENT OVERVIEW, see STEVEN E. LOBELL, NORIN M. RIPSMAN, JEFFREY W. TALIAFERRO (Eds.), "Neoclassical Realism, the State, and Foreign Policy" (Cambridge: University Press, 2009); ASLE TOJE/MICHAEL AGNER (Eds.), "Neoclassical Realism in Europe: Bringing Power Back In" (Manchester: University Press, forthcoming); GIDEON ROSE, "Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy," World Politics, 51 (October 1998), pp.144-172; ALEXANDER REICHWEIN, "The Tradition of Neoclassical Realism," in Asle Toje and Michael Agner (eds), Neoclassical Realism in Europe: Bringing Power Back In". Manchester: University Press.
  2. ^ Baylis, John, Steve Smith og Patricia Owens (4e)(2008): The globalization of world politics: an introduction to international relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Page 231

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Neoclassical — may refer to: General: Neoclassicism, any of a number of movements in the fine arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture beginning in the 17th Century Neoclassical architecture, an architectural style of the 18th and 19th Centuries… …   Wikipedia

  • Political realism — Realism, also known as political realism, in the context of international relations, encompasses a variety of theories and approaches, all of which share a belief that states are primarily motivated by the desire for military and economic power… …   Wikipedia

  • Neoclassical economics — Economics …   Wikipedia

  • Offensive realism — John Mearsheimer In international relations, offensive realism is a variant of political realism. Like realism, offensive realism regards states as the primary actors in international relations. However, offensive realism adds several additional… …   Wikipedia

  • Defensive realism — In international relations, defensive realism is a variant of political realism. Defensive realism looks at states as rational players who are the primary actors in world affairs. Defensive realism predicts that anarchy on the world stage causes… …   Wikipedia

  • Classical realism in international relations theory — Classical realism is a school of thought in international relations theory associated with thinkers such as Machiavelli and Hobbes.[1] References ^ Jackson, Robert, Sorensen, Georg, Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches …   Wikipedia

  • Criticisms of neoclassical economics — Neo classical economics has come under critique on the basis of its core ideologies, assumptions and other matters. Contents 1 Normative bias 2 Assumptions of rationality 3 Equilibrium theory 4 Incomplete …   Wikipedia

  • American realism — was a turn of the century idea in art, music and literature that showed through these different types of work, reflections of the time period. Whether it was a cultural portrayal, or a scenic view of downtown New York City, these images and works …   Wikipedia

  • Constructivism (international relations) — International relations theory  • Idealism  Liberalism   …   Wikipedia

  • International relations — See also: Foreign affairs Part of the Politics series Politics …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”