- List of domesticated animals
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This is a list of animals that have been domesticated by humans.[1] The list includes species or larger formal and informal zoological categories that include at least some domesticated individuals. It includes livestock, poultry, companion animals and working animals.To be considered domesticated, a population of animals must have their behavior, life cycle, or physiology systemically altered as a result of being under human control for many generations. Animals included in this list that do not fully meet this criterion are designated "captive-bred" or "semi-domesticated".
List of all domestics
Species Wild ancestor Date Location of Origin Purpose Picture Degree and type of domestication Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) Wolf between 30000 BC and 15000 BC[2][3] East Africa hunting, herding, companionship, pest control, meat, transportation tame; significant physical changes Sheep (Ovis orientalis aries) Asiatic Mouflon between 11000 BC and 9000 BC[4][5] Southwest Asia fibre, meat, milk, leather, pelt, vellum Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) Wild Boar 9000 BC[6] Near East, China meat, leather, companionship Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) Wild Goat 8000 BC [7] Iran milk, meat, fibre Cattle (Bos primigenius taurus) Aurochs (extinct) 8000 BC[8][9] India, Middle East, and North Africa meat, milk, leather, power, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus) Aurochs (extinct), possibly Gaur 8000 BC India meat, milk, leather, power, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization Cat (Felis silvestris catus) African Wildcat 7500 BC [10][11][12][13] Near East pest control, companionship tame, some physical changes Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Red Junglefowl 6000 BC[14] India and Southeast Asia meat, eggs, feathers, companionship Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) Montane Guinea Pig 5000 BC[15] Peru meat, companionship Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) African Wild Ass 5000 BC[16][17] Egypt transportation, power, meat Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Mallard 4000 BC China meat, fat, foie gras, feathers and down, eggs Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Wild Asian Water buffalo 4000 BC India, China power, meat, milk Honey bee (Apis spp.) Various 4000 BC Multiple places honey, wax, pollination, meat Horse (Equus ferus caballus) Wild horse 4000 BC[18] Eurasian Steppes meat, transportation, power, milk tame, some physical changes Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Wild Dromedary Camel 4000 BC Arabia transportation, power, milk, meat Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Silkworm 3000 BC China silk, companionship, meat Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) Reindeer 3000 BC [19] Russia meat, milk, transportation, antlers Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia) Rock Dove 3000 BC Mediterranean Basin show, messenger, meat some physical changes Goose (Anser anser domesticus), (Anser cygnoides domesticus) Greylag Goose, Swan Goose 3000 BC, 1000 BC (Swan Goose)
Egypt, Eastern Asia (Swan Goose)
meat, fat, foie gras, feathers and down, eggs, guarding Yak (Bos grunniens) Wild Yak 2500 BC Tibet milk, transportation, power, meat, fibre Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) Wild Bactrian Camel 2500 BC Central Asia milk, transportation, power, meat Llama (Lama glama) Guanaco 2400 BC [20] Peru transportation, power, meat Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Vicuña 2400 BC [20] Peru milk, transportation, fibre, meat Domesticated guineafowl (Numida meleagris) Helmeted Guineafowl 2400 BC [21] Africa meat, eggs Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Wild Asian Elephant 2000 BC Pakistan power, transportation semidomesticated Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) European Polecat, Steppe Polecat 1500 BC Europe hunting, companionship Fancy mouse (Mus musculus) House Mouse 1100 BC China companionship, research tame, significant physical changes Fallow Deer (Dama dama) Fallow Deer 1000 BC Mediterranean Basin meat, antlers Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) Muscovy Duck 700–600 BC [20] South America meat, fat Cochineal Insect (Oactylopius coccus) Cochineal Insect 700–500 BC [20] Chile, Mexico red dye Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) Indian Peafowl 500 BC India show, feathers, meat Barbary Dove (Streptopelia risoria) African Collared Dove 500 BC North Africa show Parrots, Parakeets and Love birds (order: Psittaciformes) Uncertain[22] 300 BC Multiple places companionship, show, talking bird Banteng (Bos javanicus) Wild Banteng Unknown Southeast Asia, Java Island meat, milk, power Gayal (Bos gaurus frontalis) Gaur Unknown Southeast Asia meat, power Perro Yaghan (Pseudalopex culpaeus) Culpeo Unknown Tierra del Fuego Hunting, companionship, warmth Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) Mandarin Duck Unknown China meat, fat Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Hill Myna (Gracula religiosa) Common Starling ancient times[23] India, Australia companionship, talking bird Raised in Captivity Roman Snail (Helix pomatia) Helix pomatia 100 AD? Europe meat Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Wild Turkey 180 [20] Mexico, United States meat, feathers Stingless Bee (Melipona beecheii) Melipona beecheii 180 [20] Mexico, Amazon Basin honey semidomesticated Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) Common goldfish 300–400 China companionship some physical changes Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) European Rabbit 600 [24] Europe meat, pelt, fibre, companionship Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) Mute Swan 1000–1500 Europe meat Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Japanese Quail 1100–1900 Japan meat Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Common carp 1200–1500 Europe, East Asia meat, show (koi) Canary (Serinus canaria) Atlantic Canary 1600 Canary Islands, Europe companionship Fancy rat (Rattus norvegicus) Brown Rat 19th century UK companionship, research American Mink (Neovison vison) American Mink 19th century North America fur Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Ostrich 19th century Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) Budgerigar 1850s Australia companionship Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) Cockatiel 1870s Australia companionship Chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla), (Chinchilla lanigera) Short-tailed chinchilla, Long-tailed chinchilla 1930s Andes companionship, fur, research Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) Zebra Finch 20th century Australia companionship Turquoise Parrot (Neophema pulchella) Turquoise Parrot 20th century Australia companionship, show Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), Dwarf Hamsters Syrian Hamster, Dwarf Hamsters 1930s Syria companionship, research Domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) Red Fox 1950s Soviet Union pelt, research, companionship tameness, some physical changes African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) African clawed frog 1950s South Africa companionship, research Diamond Dove (Geopelia cuneata) Diamond Dove Australia companionship Central Bearded Dragon (Pogona vitticeps) Central Bearded Dragon 1970s Australia companionship minor physical changes Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus roratus) Eclectus Parrot 1980s Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands companionship Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) Greater Rhea 20th century South America meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) Emu 1990s Australia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, fat Degu (Octodon degus) Degu 1990s Chilean Andes companionship, research Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) Gerbil 1950s Africa and Asia companionship, research Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) Green Iguana 1990s South America companionship, meat, leather Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) Axolotl 20th century Mexico research Andean Marsupial Tree Frog (Gastrotheca riobambae) Andean Marsupial Tree Frog 20th century Ecuadorian Andes companionship, research Australian Green Tree Frog (Litoria caerulea) Australian Green Tree Frog late 20th century Australia companionship Argentine Horned Frog (Ceratophrys ornata) Argentine Horned Frog late 20th century Argentina companionship Cranwell's horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli) Cranwell's Horned Frog late 20th century Argentina companionship Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) Leopard gecko Southeast to central Asia companionship minor physical changes See also
References
- ^ Animal Domestication - Table of Dates and Places of Animal Domestication
- ^ [http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2008/10/dog-domestication-in-aurignacian -c.html Dienekes' Anthropology Blog : Dog domestication in the Aurignacian (c. 32kyBP])
- ^ [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27240370/ MSNBC : World's first dog lived 31,700 years ago, ate big]
- ^ Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31342-3.
- ^ Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-58017-262-2.
- ^ Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L (April 2000). "The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression". Genetics 154 (4): 1785–91. PMC 1461048. PMID 10747069. http://www.genetics.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10747069.
- ^ Melinda A. Zeder, [http://web.utk.edu/~persian/goat.htm Goat busters track domestication] (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.
- ^ [http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt.]
- ^ Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [1], (French).
- ^ [2], domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.
- ^ [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html "Oldest Known Pet Cat? 95DOGGIES00-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus"]. National Geographic News. 2004-04-08. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ^ Muir, Hazel (2004-04-08). "Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ Walton, Marsha (April 9, 2004). "Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ^ West B., Zhou B-X. (1989). [http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf "Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication"] (PDF). World’s Poultry Science Journal 45 (3): 205–18. doi:10.1079/WPS19890012. http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf.
- ^ [http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ History of the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) in South America, a summary of the current state of knowledge]
- ^ Beja-Pereira, Albano, et al. (18 June 2004). "African Origins of the Domestic Donkey". Science 304 (1781). doi:10.1126/science.1096008. PMID 15205528. [New Scientist Lay summary].
- ^ Roger Blench, [http://www.animaltraction.net/donkeys/donkeys-blench-history.pdf The history and spread of donkeys in Africa]PDF (235 KB)
- ^ The Domestication of the Horse; see also Domestication of the horse
- ^ Domestication of Reindeer
- ^ a b c d e f D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. [http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/bitstream/10057/1824/1/LAJ+2B21_p42-54.pdf Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World]
- ^ Guinea Fowl
- ^ Wright, T.F.; Schirtzinger E. E., Matsumoto T., Eberhard J. R., Graves G. R., Sanchez J. J., Capelli S., Muller H., Scharpegge J., Chambers G. K. & Fleischer R. C. (2008). "A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous". Mol Biol Evol 25 (10): 2141–2156. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn160. PMC 2727385. PMID 18653733. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2727385.
- ^ http://www.writers-free-reference.com/10pets.htm
- ^ Interesting Rabbit Domestication History
Categories:- Domesticated animals
- Lists of domesticated animals
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