Japanese cruiser Kako

nihongo|"IJN Kako"|加古 重巡洋艦|Kako jūjunyōkan was the second vessel in the two-vessel "Furutaka"-class of heavy cruisers in the Imperial Japanese Navy. It was named after the Kakogawa River in Hyogo prefecture, Japan.

Background

"Kako" and her sister ship "Furutaka" were the first generation of high speed heavy cruisers in the Japanese navy, intended to counter the US Navy "Omaha" class and Royal Navy "Hawkins" class scout cruisers.

ervice career

Early career

"Kako" was completed at Kawasaki shipyards at Kobe on 20 July 1926. Assigned to the Fifth Squadron ("Sentai") from then until 1933, she served in Japanese and Chinese waters, participating in fleet maneuvers and combat operations off the China coast. "Kako" was given a major refit in 1929-30, improving her machinery and slightly changing her appearance. Briefly operating with CruDiv6 in 1933, "Kako" was in the naval review off Yokohama in late August. She went into guard ship status in November of that year and into reserve in 1934.

In July 1936, "Kako" began an extensive reconstruction at Sasebo Navy Yard, which was completed by 27 December 1937. At this time, its six single 200 mm (7.9-inch) main gun turrets were replaced by three 203.2 mm (8-inch) twin turrets.

In late 1941, "Kako" was in CruDiv6 under Rear Admiral Aritomo Goto in the First Fleet with the "Aoba", "Furutaka" and "Kinugasa". At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, it was engaged in support for the invasion of Guam.

After the failed first invasion of Wake CruDiv 6 was assigned to the larger second invasion force, and after the fall of Wake, returned to its forward base in Truk, Caroline Islands.

From 18 January 1942, CruDiv 6 was assigned to support Japanese troop landings at Rabaul, New Britain and Kavieng, New Ireland and in patrols around the Marshall Islands in unsuccessful pursuit of the American fleet. In March and April 1942, CruDiv6 provided support to CruDiv 18 in covering the landings of Japanese troops in the Solomon Islands and New Guinea at Buka, Shortland, Kieta, Manus Island, Admiralty Islands and Tulagi from a forward base at Rabaul. While at Shortland on 6 May 1942, "Kako" was unsuccessfully attacked by four USAAF Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses, but was not damaged.

Battle of the Coral Sea

At the Battle of the Coral Sea, CruDiv 6 departed Shortland and effected a rendezvous at sea with light carrier "Shoho". At 1100 on 7 May 1942, north of Tulagi, "Shoho" was attacked and sunk by 93 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive-bombers and Douglas TBD Devastator torpedo-bombers from "USS Yorktown" and "USS Lexington".The following day, 8 May 1942 46 SBDs, 21 TBDs and 15 Grumman F4F Wildcats from "Yorktown" and "Lexington" damaged "Shokaku" severely above the waterline and forced her retirement. As "Furutaka" and "Kinugasa", undamaged in the battle, escorted "Shokaku" back to Truk, "Kako" and "Aoba" continued to cover the withdrawing Port Moresby invasion convoy.

After refueling at Shortland on 9 May, "Kako" was stranded on a reef entering Queen Carola Harbor, but was soon re-floated.

"Kako" returned to Kure on 22 May 1942 for repairs, and returned back to Truk on 23 June 1942, and from Truk to Rekata Bay, Santa Isabel Island, where it was assigned patrols through July.

In a major reorganization of the Japanese navy on 14 July 1942, "Kako" was assigned to the newly created Eighth Fleet under Vice Admiral Mikawa Gunichi and was assigned to patrols around the Solomon Islands, New Britain and New Ireland.

Battle of Savo Island

On 8 August 1942, north of Guadalcanal a three-seat Aichi E13A1 "Jake" reconnaissance floatplane launched from "Kako" was shot down by an SBD Dauntless of VS-72 from the "USS Wasp". This was the prelude to the Battle of Savo Island the following day.

On 9 August 1942, the four cruisers of CruDiv 6, "Chokai", light cruisers "Tenryu" and "Yubari" and destroyer "Yunagi" engaged the Allied Forces in a night gun and torpedo action. At about 2300, "Chokai", "Furutaka" and "Kako" all launched their reconnaissance floatplanes. The circling floatplanes dropped flares illuminating the targets and all the Japanese ships opened fire. USS "Astoria", "Quincy", "Vincennes" and HMAS "Canberra" were sunk. "USS Chicago" was damaged as were USS "Ralph Talbot" and USS "Patterson". "Kako's " gunfire hit "Vincennes" in the hangar and destroyed all of her Curtiss SOC Seagull floatplanes On the Japanese side, "Chokai" was hit three times, "Kinugasa" twice, "Aoba" once; "Furutaka" and "Kako" were not damaged.

However, on 10 August 1942, CruDiv 6's four heavy cruisers are ordered unescorted to Kavieng, while the remainder of the striking force returned to Rabaul. At 0650 American submarine "USS S-44" sighted CruDiv 6 on a track less than convert|900|yd|m|-2 away and fired four Mark 10 torpedoes from convert|700|yd|m|-2 at the rear ship in the group, which happened to be "Kako". At 0708, three torpedoes hit "Kako". The first struck to starboard abreast the No. 1 turret. The other torpedoes hit further aft, in the vicinity of the forward magazines and boiler rooms 1 and 2. "Kako" rolled over on her starboard side and exploded as sea water reached her boilers. At 0715, "Kako" disappeared bow first in the sea off Simbari Island at coord|02|28|S|152|11|E in about 130 feet of water. "Aoba", "Furutaka" and "Kinugasa" rescued Captain Takahashi and most of "Kako's" crew, but thirty-four crewmen were killed.

"Kako" was removed from the Navy list on 15 September 1942.

Commanding Officers

Chief Equipping Officer - Capt. Akira Goto - 18 September 1925 - 20 July 1926

Capt. Akira Goto - 20 July 1926 - 15 November 1927

Capt. Junzo Yoshitake - 15 November 1927 - 10 December 1928

Capt. Toraroku Akiyama - 10 December 1928 - 30 November 1929

Capt. Nobutake Kondo - 30 November 1929 - 18 June 1930

Capt. Kamezaburo Nakajima - 18 June 1930 - 1 December 1930

Capt. Katsuyoshi Inoue - 1 December 1930 - 1 December 1931

Capt. Shichisaburo Koga - 1 December 1931 - 1 December 1932

Capt. Shunzo Mito - 1 December 1932 - 15 November 1933

Capt. Tokujiro Yokoyama - 15 November 1933 - 15 November 1934

Capt. Ei Kashiwagi - 15 November 1934 - 15 November 1935

Capt. Aritaka Aihara - 15 November 1935 - 1 July 1936

Capt. Kentaro Oshima - 1 July 1936 - 1 December 1936

Capt. Masao Okamura - 1 December 1936 - 1 December 1937

Capt. Michiaki Kamata - 1 December 1937 - 20 October 1938

Capt. Masaki Ogata - 20 October 1938 - 1 May 1939

Capt. Ko Ito - 1 May 1939 - 1 July 1939

Capt. Heitaro Edo - 1 July 1939 - 15 November 1939

Capt. Giichiro Horie - 15 November 1939 - 15 October 1940

Capt. Mitsuo Kinoshita - 15 October 1940 - 15 September 1941

Capt. Yuji Takahashi - 15 September 1941 - 10 August 1942

References

Books

*cite book
last = Brown
first = David
authorlink =
year = 1990
title = Warship Losses of World War Two
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 1-55750-914-X
*cite book
last = D'Albas
first = Andrieu
authorlink =
year = 1965
title = Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II
publisher = Devin-Adair Pub
location =
id = ISBN 0-8159-5302-X
*cite book
last = Dull
first = Paul S.
authorlink =
year = 1978
chapter =
title = A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 0-87021-097-1
*cite book
last = Howarth
first = Stephen
authorlink =
year = 1983
title = The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945
publisher = Atheneum
location =
id = ISBN 0-68911-402-8
*cite book
last = Jentsura
first = Hansgeorg
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 1976
chapter =
title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 0-87021-893-X
*cite book
last = Lacroix
first = Eric
authorlink =
coauthors = Linton Wells
year = 1997
chapter =
title = Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 0-87021-311-3
*cite book
last = Whitley
first = M.J.
authorlink =
coauthors =
year = 1995
chapter =
title = Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia
publisher = Naval Institute Press
location =
id = ISBN 1-55750-141-6

External links

*cite web
last = Parshall
first = Jon
coauthors = Bob Hackett, Sander Kingsepp, & Allyn Nevitt
year =
url = http://www.combinedfleet.com/furutaka_c.htm CombinedFleet.com: "Furutaka" class
title = Imperial Japanese Navy Page (Combinedfleet.com)
work =
accessdate = 2006-06-14
*Tabular record: [http://www.combinedfleet.com/kako_t.htm CombinedFleet.com: "Kako" history] (Retrieved 26 January 2007.)
*Gallery: [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/japan/japsh-k/kako.htm US Navy Historical Center]

Notes

ee also

*List of World War II ships