Four Cardinal Principles

Four Cardinal Principles

The Four Cardinal Principles (Chinese: 四項基本原則, pinyin: sì xiàng jīběn yuánzé) were stated by Deng Xiaoping in 1979 and are the four issues for which debate was not allowed within the People's Republic of China. These are:

# the principle of upholding the socialist path
# the principle of upholding the people's democratic dictatorship
# the principle of upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and
# the principle of upholding Marxist-Leninist-Mao Zedong thought

The four cardinal principles actually marked a relaxation of control over ideology. In stating the four cardinal principles, the implication was that these four topics could not be questioned, but political ideas other than those in the list could be debated.

Moreover, while the principles themselves are not subject to debate, the interpretation of those principles are. There has for example, been extensive debate over the meaning of socialism.


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Cardinal Virtues — • The four principal virtues upon which the rest of the moral virtues turn or are hinged Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Cardinal Virtues     Cardinal Virtues      …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Four sons of Horus — One of the four sons of Horus was Hapi, which is also an alternate spelling for the name of the Nile god Hapy, but not to be confused with him .The four sons of Horus were a group of four gods in Egyptian religion, who were essentially the… …   Wikipedia

  • Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de — ▪ French cardinal and statesman Introduction , (cardinal and duke of ),byname  The Red Eminence , French  L éminence Rouge  born September 9, 1585, Richelieu, Poitou, Fr. died December 4, 1642, Paris  chief minister to King Louis XIII of France… …   Universalium

  • Henry Edward Cardinal Manning —     Henry Edward Manning     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Henry Edward Manning     Cardinal Priest ( see Cardinal, I ) of Sts. Andrew and Gregory on the Coelian Hill and second Archbishop of Westminster, b. 15 July, 1808; d. 14 January, 1892.… …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Education in the People's Republic of China — This article is about education in the People s Republic of China. See Education in Hong Kong and Education in Macau for education in Hong Kong and Macau, respectively. For education in the Republic of China (Taiwan), see Education in the… …   Wikipedia

  • Chinese intellectualism — The current status of Chinese intellectuals reflects traditions established in the imperial period. For most of this period, government officials were selected from among the literati on the basis of the Confucian civil service examination system …   Wikipedia

  • Human rights in the People's Republic of China — Human rights in China redirects here. For the non governmental organization, see Human Rights in China (organization). People s Republic of China This article is part of the series: P …   Wikipedia

  • Chinese numbered policies — One distinctive element of Chinese political discourse is the use of numbered policies in both the People s Republic of China and the Republic of China. The use of numbers to refer to policies dates from pre modern China. Examples include: 1 One… …   Wikipedia

  • List of China-related topics 123-L — The following is a breakdown of the list of China related topics.See also: List of China related topics M Z NOTOC 0 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L0 9.cn .hk .mo .tw 123 Democratic Alliance 1421 theory 14K Triad 2008 Summer Olympics 2008 Summer… …   Wikipedia

  • Timeline of Chinese history — History of China ANCIENT …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”