Raw milk

Raw milk

Raw milk is milk that has not been pasteurized or homogenized.

History

Humans consumed raw milk before factory farming methods coinciding with the industrial revolution, when large populations congregated into urban areas detached from the agricultural lifestyle to which they were accustomed. Up until that point, individuals and families owned their own goats, cows and other livestock and milked them on a daily basis.

Legal status

Worldwide

Commercial distribution of packaged raw milk is prohibited in many countries. However, 28 US states allow sales of raw milk, and in other parts of the world, raw milk can often be bought directly from the farmer. Raw milk is sometimes distributed through a share program, wherein the consumer owns a share in the dairy animal or the herd, and can be considered to be consuming milk from their own animal.

In Middle East

Human consumption of raw camel milk is very popular in the Middle East, especially in rural areas. In many large cities there are people who sell raw milk, although some large cities are illegalizing that due to hygiene issues.

In Africa

Although milk consumption is fairly low compared to the rest of the world, in tribes where milk consumption is popular, such as the Maasai tribe, milk drunk is typically unpasteurized.

In Europe

Milk is typically consumed unpasteurized in rural areas of Europe, and raw milk can typically be found in small amounts at stores in large cities.

Production of raw milk is illegal in Scotland. It is legal in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, but the only registered producers are in England [The Association of Unpasteurised Milk Producers and Consumers, Hardwick Estate Office, Whitchurch-on-Thames, Reading RG8 7RB] . About 200 producers sell raw, or "green top" milk direct to consumers, either at the farm or through a delivery service. The bottle must display the warning "this product has not been heat-treated and my contain organisms harmful to health", and the dairy must conform to higher hygiene standards than dairies producing only pasturised milk.

In Asia

In rural areas of Asia where milk consumption is popular, milk is typically unpasteurized. In large cities of Asia, raw milk, especially from water buffalo, is typical. In most countries of Asia, laws prohibiting raw milk are nonexistent or rarely enforced.

In Australia

Raw milk for drinking purposes is illegal in all states and territories, as is all raw cheese. This has been circumvented somewhat by selling Raw milk as 'bath milk'. An exception to the cheese rule has been made recently for two Roquefort cheeses. There is some indication of share owning cows, allowing the "owners" to consume the raw milk, but also evidence that the government is trying to close this loop hole. [cite web | url = http://www.safefood.qld.gov.au/docs/fs%20-%20raw%20milk%20pathogens%20141003.pdf | title = raw milk pathogens ] [cite web | url = http://www.health.gov.au/internet/ministers/publishing.nsf/Content/health-mediarel-yr2005-cp-pyn057.htm?OpenDocument&yr=2005&mth=9 | title = Roquefort cheese can now be sold in Australia ]

In Canada

The sale of raw milk directly to consumers is prohibited in Canada [cite web | url = http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/securit/facts-faits/rawmilk-laitcru_e.html | title = Statement from Health Canada About Drinking Raw Milk ] under the "Food and Drug Regulations" since 1991.

Section B.08.002.2 (1):Cquote|no person shall sell the normal lacteal secretion obtained from the mammary gland of the cow, genus Bos, or of any other animal, or sell a dairy product made with any such secretion, unless the secretion or dairy product has been pasteurized by being held at a temperature and for a period that ensure the reduction of the alkaline phosphatase activity so as to meet the tolerances specified in official method MFO-3, Determination of Phosphatase Activity in Dairy Products, dated November 30, 1981.cite news|title=Democrats Seek Perjury Charge for Attorney General |url=http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showdoc/cr/C.R.C.-c.870/bo-ga:l_B-gb:l_8//en|author=Department of Justice|publisher=Department of Justice|date=2007-12-02]

However, like the United States, Canada permits the sale of raw milk cheeses that are aged for at least 60 days.

In the United States

Most states impose restrictions on raw milk suppliers due to concerns about safety. Every state but Pennsylvania, California, New York, and Maryland has passed the "Pasteurized Milk Ordinance" originally proposed by the United States Public Health Service in 1924. The most recent version is called the "2003 Grade "A" Pasteurized Milk Ordinance." [ [http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~ear/pmo03toc.html 2003 Grade "A" Pasteurized Milk Ordinance] ] [ [http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~acrobat/pmo03.pdf Ordinance in .pdf] ] All 50 states permit the sale of raw milk cheeses that are aged for at least 60 days.

South Carolina, Arizona, California, Connecticut, and Washington allow raw milk sales in retail stores with appropriate warning labeling, or ostensibly labeled "for pets only".

Raw milk may be sold from the farm in 28 states under varying restrictions. In California, Connecticut, Maine, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and New Mexico it may be sold in stores. Washington State allows raw milk to be sold with restrictions. [ [http://agr.wa.gov/FoodAnimal/Dairy/docs/RawMilkTruth.pdf Raw milk truth from the Washington State Department of Agriculture] ] Some states allow raw milk to be sold "for animal consumption" only.

Although it is illegal in Indiana, Colorado, Michigan [cite web | url = http://www.michigan.gov/mda/0,1607,7-125-1566_2404_2427-94782--,00.html | title = What's the Scoop on Raw Milk in Michigan? | publisher = Michigan Department of Agriculture] and Ohio for a dairy to sell raw milk, consumers are able to lease part of a cow (a "cow share") or part of a herd (a "herd share") to obtain raw milk. In Michigan, for example, "milk groups" have been formed in which suburban families take turns travelling to a distant dairy farm to obtain the week's raw milk for all the members of the group.

The FDA reports that, in 2002, consuming partially heated raw milk and raw milk products caused 200 Americans to become ill in any manner [cite web | url = http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2004/504_milk.html | title = Got Milk? Make Sure It's Pasteurized | author = Linda Bren | publisher = US Food and Drug Administration] .

Debate in the United States

Although agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and numerous other world-wide regulatory agencies say that pathogens from raw milk make it unsafe to consume, [cite web | url = http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01576.html |title = FDA and CDC Remind Consumers of the Dangers of Drinking Raw Milk] certain organizations such as the Weston A. Price Foundation in its "Real Milk" campaign say that raw milk has health benefits that are destroyed in the pasteurization process, and that it can be produced hygienically. [cite web | url = http://realmilk.com/ppt/08rawmilk.ppt |title =Raw Milk and Raw Milk Products: Safety, Health, Economic, and Legal Issues]

References

External links

* [http://www.milkprocon.org/rawmilkstatutes.pdf Summary of raw milk statutes]
* [http://www.realmilk.com/ppt/index.html Raw Milk and Raw Milk Products, Safety, Health, Economic and Legal Issues] , a presentation by the Weston A. Price Foundation
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/08/dining/08raw.html?ex=1344225600&en=aa19825de843ec28&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss/ New York Times: Should This Milk Be Legal?]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/cheesespotlight/cheese_spotlight.htm CDC: Health Risks are Still Black and White]
* [http://www.doh.state.fl.us/chdJackson/Documents/raw_milk_risk.pdf Risk of Consumption of Raw Milk] Florida Department of Health

ee also

* Milk
* Raw foodism


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • raw milk — noun unpasteurized milk • Hypernyms: ↑milk * * * noun : milk that has not been pasteurized * * * raw milk, unpasteurized milk …   Useful english dictionary

  • raw milk — žalias pienas statusas Aprobuotas sritis pienininkystė apibrėžtis Natūralus karvių, ožkų ir kitų gyvūnų pienas, kuris nebuvo pašildytas iki aukštesnės kaip 40 °C temperatūros arba apdorotas kitu tolygaus efektyvumo metodu, skirtas žmonių maistui …   Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)

  • United States raw milk debate — Background Commercial distribution of packaged raw milk is prohibited in most countries. However, 28 US states allow sales of raw milk, and in other parts of the world, raw milk can often be bought directly from the farmer. In England, about 200… …   Wikipedia

  • supply period of regularly sold raw milk — reguliariai parduodamo žalio pieno tiekimo laikotarpis statusas Aprobuotas sritis žemės ūkio ekonomika ir vadyba apibrėžtis Teisės aktuose arba žemės ūkio produkcijos pirkimo–pardavimo sutartyje nustatytas reguliarus laikotarpis (dešimtadienio,… …   Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)

  • raw — [rɔː ǁ rɒː] adjective [only before a noun] 1. MANUFACTURING raw metals or other substances are in their natural state and have not been prepared or used to make anything: • German companies produced 6.1% less raw iron in March. • the export of… …   Financial and business terms

  • Raw foodism — Articleissues|cleanup=September 2008|refimprove=March 2008| self published = September 2008Raw foodism (or rawism) is a lifestyle promoting the consumption of un cooked, un processed, and often organic foods as a large percentage of the diet. If… …   Wikipedia

  • Milk — For other uses, see Milk (disambiguation). Foremilk and Hindmilk samples of human breast milk …   Wikipedia

  • Milk car — Cans of raw milk were transported in insulated cars with high speed trucks. Milk cars are a specialized type of railroad car intended to transport raw milk from collection points near dairy farms to a processing creamery. Some milk cars were… …   Wikipedia

  • raw — [[t]rɔ[/t]] adj. er, est, n. 1) uncooked: a raw carrot[/ex] 2) not processed, finished, or refined: raw cotton[/ex] 3) coo not pasteurized: raw milk[/ex] 4) unnaturally or painfully exposed: raw flesh[/ex] 5) indelicate; crude: raw jokes[/ex] 6)… …   From formal English to slang

  • milk — Synonyms and related words: abridge, abuse, alabaster, bed, bed down, bereave, beverage, bleed, bleed white, blood, break, bridle, broach, brush, butter, buttermilk, certified milk, chalk, cheese, chyle, colostrum, condensed milk, cream, curry,… …   Moby Thesaurus

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”