Functional genomics

Functional genomics

Functional genomics is a field of molecular biology that attempts to make use of the vast wealth of data produced by genomic projects (such as genome sequencing projects) to describe gene (and protein) functions and interactions. Unlike genomics and proteomics, functional genomics focuses on the dynamic aspects such as gene transcription, translation, and protein-protein interactions, as opposed to the static aspects of the genomic information such as DNA sequence or structures.

Fields of application

Functional genomics includes function-related aspects of the genome itself such as mutation and polymorphism (such as SNP) analysis, as well as measurement of molecular activities. The latter comprise a number of "-omics" such as transcriptomics (gene expression), proteomics (protein expression), phosphoproteomics (a subset of proteomics) and metabolomics. Together these measurement modalities endeavor to quantitate the various biological processes and improve our understanding of gene and protein functions and interactions.

Frequently used techniques

Functional genomics uses mostly high-throughput techniques to characterize the abundance gene products such as mRNAs and proteins. Some typical technology platforms are:
* DNA microarrays and SAGE for mRNA
* two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for protein

Because of the large quantity of data produced by these techniques and the desire to find biologically meaningful patterns, bioinformatics is crucial to this type of analysis. Examples of techniques in this class are data clustering or principal component analysis for unsupervised machine learning (class detection) as well as artificial neural networks or support vector machines for supervised machine learning (class prediction, classification).

ee also

*Systems biology
*Structural genomics
*Comparative genomics
*Pharmacogenomics

External links

* [http://www.functionalgenomics.org.uk European Science Foundation Programme on Frontiers of Functional Genomics]
* [http://www.mugen-noe.org/ MUGEN NoE] — Integrated Functional Genomics in Mutant Mouse Models


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