Ludwig Gumplowicz

Ludwig Gumplowicz

Ludwig Gumplowicz, born March 9 1838 in Kraków, then a republic, now part of Poland, died August 19 1909 in Graz, Austria, was one of the founders of European sociology. He was also a jurist and political scientist who taught constitutional and administrative law at the University of Graz.

Life

Gumplowicz studied law in Kraków, then became a lawyer and publicist there. In 1875 he began teaching administration in Graz; in 1882 he became an associate professor, and in 1893 a full professor. In 1909 he committed suicide along with his wife after he had become ill with cancer.

Works and influence

Gumplowicz became interested in the problem of suppressed ethnic groups very early, being from a Jewish family and coming from Kraków, a city of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which was first partitioned and later as the Free City of Kraków annexed by Austria-Hungary. He was a lifelong advocate of minorities in the Habsburg Empire, in particular the Slavic speakers.

Gumplowicz soon became interested in the later form of sociology of conflict, starting out from the idea of the "group" (then known as "race"). He saw the state as an institution which served various controlling elites at different times. In analysis, he leaned towards macrosociology, predicting that if the minorities of a state became socially integrated, they would break out in war. In his 1909 publication, "Der Rassenkampf" (Struggle of the Races) he foresaw world war. During his life he was considered a Social Darwinist.

His political beliefs and his polemic character attracted many Polish and Italian students, making his theories important in Poland, Italy and other crown states (today Croatia, Czech Republic). But the fact that he published his works in German meant that he was also an important figure in German-speaking countries. Gustav Ratzenhofer was the most prominent of those influenced by him.

Gumplowicz had another disciple in Manuel González Prada. Prada lived in Peru and found Grumplowicz’s theories on ethnic conflict useful for understanding not only the Spanish conquest of Quechua peoples during the sixteenth century but also how the descendents of the Spanish (and other European immigrants) continued to subordinate the indigenous peoples. Most striking in this regard is González Prada’s essay "Our Indians" included in his "Horas de lucha" after 1924.

External links

* [http://www.relst.uiuc.edu/durkheim/Texts/1885c.html 1885 review of "Grundriss der Soziologie" by Émile Durkheim] (in French)
* [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=496&letter=G JewishEncyclopedia.com - GUMPLOWICZ, LUDWIG: ] at www.jewishencyclopedia.com - Jewish Encyclopedia
*González Prada, Manuel. [http://www.evergreen.loyola.edu/~tward/GP/libros/horas/horas19.html" "Our Indians"] . 1900.


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Ludwig Gumplowicz — (auch: Ludwig Gumplowitsch; polnisch Ludwik Gumplowicz; * 9. März 1838 in der Republik Krakau (heute Polen); † 19. August 1909 in Graz, Österreich) war Jurist und Professor für Staats und Verwaltungsrec …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Ludwig Gumplowicz — Ludwig Gumplowicz. Ludwig Gumplowicz (Cracovia, 9 de marzo de 1838 Graz, 20 de agosto de 1909) fue un jurista, politólogo y sociólogo polaco. Nacido dentro de una familia judía, en la antigua República de Cracovia, fue uno …   Wikipedia Español

  • Ludwig Gumplowicz — Chrétien d origine juive, Ludwig Gumplowicz (9 mars 1838 à Cracovie, république maintenant appartenant à la  Pologne 19 août 1909 à Graz en  Autriche) a été un des fondateurs de la sociologie d …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Gumplowicz — Ludwig Gumplowicz (auch: Ludwig Gumplowitsch; polnisch Ludwik Gumplowicz; * 9. März 1838 in der Republik Krakau (heute Polen); † 19. August 1909 in Graz, Österreich) war Jurist und Professor für Staats und Verwaltungsrecht an der Universität Graz …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Ludwig Gumplovicz — Ludwig Gumplowicz (auch: Ludwig Gumplowitsch; polnisch Ludwik Gumplowicz; * 9. März 1838 in der Republik Krakau (heute Polen); † 19. August 1909 in Graz, Österreich) war Jurist und Professor für Staats und Verwaltungsrecht an der Universität Graz …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • GUMPLOWICZ, LUDWIG — (1838–1909), Austrian jurist and sociologist. He was born in Cracow, in Austrian Galicia (now Poland), and studied law at the University of Vienna. An ardent Polish patriot, he participated in the Polish insurrection against Russia in 1863, and… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • GUMPLOWICZ (L.) — GUMPLOWICZ LUDWIG (1838 1909) Né à Cracovie dans une famille juive de la classe moyenne, Ludwig Gumplowicz participe au soulèvement de la Pologne (1863). Après des études à l’université de Vienne où il passe son doctorat de philosophie de… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Gumplowicz —   [ gʊmplovitʃ], Ludwig, österreichischer Soziologe und Staatswissenschaftler, * Krakau 9. 3. 1838, ✝ (Selbstmord) Graz 19. 8. 1909; war Professor für Verwaltungslehre in Graz. Gumplowicz, ein einflussreicher Vertreter des Sozialdarwinismus,… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Gumplówicz — (spr. witsch), Ludwig, Jurist und Nationalökonom, geb. 9. März 1838 in Krakau, wurde 1876 Dozent der Staatswissenschaften an der Universität Graz, 1882 außerordentlicher und 1893 ordentlicher Professor daselbst. Er schrieb: »Philosophisches… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Gumplowicz — (spr. witsch), Ludwig, Jurist und Nationalökonom, geb. 8. März 1838 in Krakau, 1882 Prof. in Graz; schrieb: »Der Rassenkampf« (1883), »Österr. Staatsrecht« (2. Aufl. 1902), »Allgemeines Staatsrecht« (2. Aufl. 1897) u.a …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

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