Field Artillery Branch (United States)

Field Artillery Branch (United States)

Infobox Military Unit
unit_name= Field Artillery Branch


caption=Branch insignia of the U.S. Army Field Artillery, representing two crossed field guns
dates= Created November 17, 1775
country= United States
allegiance=
branch=
type= Combat arms
role=
size=
command_structure=
garrison= Fort Sill, Oklahoma
garrison_label= Home station
nickname= King of Battle
patron=
motto=
colors= Scarlet
colors_label= Branch color
march=
mascot=
equipment=
equipment_label=
battles=
anniversaries=
decorations=
battle_honours=
commander1=
commander1_label=
commander2=
commander2_label=
commander3=
commander3_label=
notable_commanders=
identification_symbol=
identification_symbol_label=
identification_symbol_2=
identification_symbol_2_label=
identification_symbol_3=
identification_symbol_3_label=
identification_symbol_4=
identification_symbol_4_label=
The Field Artillery Branch was founded on November 17, 1775 by the Continental Congress, which unanimously elected Henry Knox "Colonel of the Regiment of Artillery". The regiment formally entered service on January 1. 1776. Although Field Artillery and Air Defense Artillery are separate branches, both inherit the traditions of the Artillery branch.

Mission statement

"The mission of Field Artillery is to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy by cannon, rocket, and missile fire and to help integrate all fire support assets into combined arms operations."

History

The Field Artillery is one of the Army's combat arms, traditionally one of the three major officer branches (with Infantry and Armor). It refers to those units that use artillery weapons systems to deliver surface-to-surface long range indirect fire. Indirect fire means that the projectile does not follow the line of sight to the target. Mortars are not field artillery weapons; they are organic to infantry units and are manned by infantry personnel.

The term field artillery is to distinguish from the Air Defense Artillery, and historically, from the Coast Artillery (or Coastal Defense Artillery), a branch which existed from 1901-1950. In 1950, the two branches were unified and called simply Artillery, until air defense was made into a separate branch in 1968. The insignia of the Field Artillery branch is a pair of crossed field guns (19th century style cannons) in gold, and dates back to 1834.

The officially stated mission of the Field Artillery is to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy by cannon, rocket, and missile fire and to help integrate all fire support assets into combined arms operations.

The home of the Field Artillery and the Field Artillery School are at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.

Field artillery is called the "King of Battle". Conflicts in the 20th century saw artillery become exponentially more effective as indirect fire methods were introduced immediately prior to WWI. During World War I and World War II, field artillery was the single highest casualty-producing weapons system on any battlefield.

Members of the Field Artillery are referred to as "Red Legs" because during the American Civil War they were distinguished by scarlet stripes down the legs of their uniform pants. The use of colors to distinguish branches of the United States Army dates to 1833. Branch colors are found on the shoulder straps of officers wearing the blue dress uniform and on branch of service scarves authorized for wear with a variety of uniforms. [Army Regulation 670-1]

Publications

The professional journal of the Field Artillery is published at Fort Sill. Known as the "Field Artillery Journal" in 1911, it went through many name changes through "Field Artillery" in 1987. The journal merged with "Air Defense Artillery" in 2007 to become "Fires". [cite web |url=http://sill-www.army.mil/firesbulletin/ |title=Fires |publisher=United States Field Artillery |accessdate=2008-03-09]

Weapons

Current

The U.S. Army employs three main types of field artillery weapons systems. The three towed howitzer weapon systems in use are the M102 (105 mm), used primarily by honor guards, the M119A1/A2 (105 mm) and the M198 (155 mm) howitzers. Currently in development is the M777 155 mm towed howitzer. The self-propelled M109A6 Paladin is a 155 mm self-propelled howitzer. The M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) is the Field Artillery's heaviest and longest-ranged weapons system, a self-propelled rocket launcher using either 270 mm unguided rockets or the guided Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) Block I missile. The United States Marine Corps currently uses only the M198 howitzer, and plans to transition to the M777 when it is fielded.

Historical

During the Cold War, the Field Artillery was responsible for all mobile ballistic missiles weapons systems, including the Lance and Pershing II ballistic missiles.

References

ee also

* Field Artillery in the American Civil War
* Field artillery General discussion
* List of artillery
* Field Artillery (magazine)


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • 82nd Field Artillery Regiment (United States) — Infobox Military Unit unit name= 82nd Field Artillery Regiment caption=82nd Field Artillery Regiment coat of arms dates= 1 July, 1917 country= United States of America allegiance= United States of America branch= United States Army type= role=… …   Wikipedia

  • 7th Field Artillery Regiment (United States) — |Unreferenced|date=March 2008Infobox Military Unit unit name=7th Field Artillery caption=7th Field Artillery coat of arms nickname=Steel motto=Nunquam Aerumna Nec Prolio Fractum Never Broken by Hardship or Battle colors=Red march= ceremonial… …   Wikipedia

  • 460th Parachute Field Artillery Battalion (United States) — Infobox Military Unit unit name=460th Parachute Field Artillery caption=460th s logo nickname= motto=|colors= march= ceremonial chief= type=Parachute Field Artillery branch=Army dates=1943 1945 country=USA allegiance= command structure= size=… …   Wikipedia

  • 113th Field Artillery Regiment (United States) — Infobox Military Unit unit name= 113th Field Artillery Regiment caption=Distinctive Unit Insignia of the 113th Field Artillery Regiment dates= country= United States allegiance= branch= North Carolina Army National Guard type= Field Artillery… …   Wikipedia

  • 201st Field Artillery Regiment (United States) — Infobox Military Unit unit name= 201st Field Artillery Regiment caption=201st Field Artillery coat of arms dates= 1735 present country= United States allegiance= branch= West Virginia Army National Guard type= role= size= command structure=… …   Wikipedia

  • 141st Field Artillery Regiment (United States) — Infobox Military Unit unit name=141st Field Artillery Regiment caption=141st Field Artillery Regiment distinctive insignia dates=1838 Present country=United States branch=Louisiana Army National GuardThe 141st Field Artillery Regiment (Washington …   Wikipedia

  • 72nd Field Artillery Brigade (United States) — Infobox Military Unit unit name= 72nd Field Artillery Brigade caption=72nd FA Brigade shoulder sleeve insignia dates= 1917 1919 1936 1946 1947 1984 1993 2006 2006 Present country= United States allegiance= branch= U.S. Army type= role= Training… …   Wikipedia

  • 402nd Field Artillery Brigade (United States) — Infobox Military Unit unit name= 402nd Field Artillery Brigade caption=402nd FA Brigade shoulder sleeve insignia dates= 1985 1996 2006 Present country= United States allegiance= branch= U.S. Army type= role= Training size= Brigade command… …   Wikipedia

  • 479th Field Artillery Brigade (United States) — Infobox Military Unit unit name=479th Field Artillery Brigade caption=479th Field Artillery Brigade shoulder sleeve insignia dates=1944 03 11 1945 12 01 1947 01 02 1996 09 15 1997 10 24 1999 10 16 2006 12 01 Present. country=USA allegiance=… …   Wikipedia

  • 24th Field Artillery Regiment (United States) — Infobox Military Unit unit name= 24th Philippine Scout Field Artillery Regiment caption= dates= 1922 19?? country= United States allegiance= branch= U.S. Army type= role= size= command structure= garrison=Fort Stotsenburg garrison label=… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”